• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The method of additive manufacturing of at least one part comprises the following steps: -a) manufacture by selective deposition and melting of powder layers of at least one intermediate assembly which comprises: the part made in an inclined and angled manner between 20 ° and 70 ° with a manufacturing plate, - a support interposed between said plate and a lower base of the part, and - at least one local support element bearing against the rear end face of the part, -b ) forming, during the selective melting phases of the manufacturing step, fracture initiators in connection areas of the support and of said supporting element with said part, -c) separation of the part with the support and said element local support after the manufacturing step by breaking said connection areas.
    公开号:FR3043347A1
    申请号:FR1560655
    申请日:2015-11-06
    公开日:2017-05-12
    发明作者:Etienne Blanchet；Romain Calvel；Florian Eparvier
    申请人:Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland ；Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA；Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    One-piece powder additive manufacturing method, in particular a tire mold lining element
    The present invention relates to a powder-based additive manufacturing process in one piece, and in particular to a packing element. The packing element is intended to be used in a baking mold or vulcanization for a vehicle tire, and in particular in a mold of the sector type.
    A sector mold mainly comprises two lateral shells each ensuring the molding of one of the lateral sidewalls of the tire, and a plurality of sectors providing the molding of the tread of said tire and movable radially between an open position and a position of closing the mold. The shells and the sectors define an interior space intended to be brought into contact with the blank of the unvulcanized tire.
    To mold the tread of the tire, the sectors of the mold comprise lining elements. "Trim member" means a portion of the mold which has a molding surface for molding at least a portion of the tread surface of the tread.
    It is possible to make a packing element by a powder-based additive manufacturing process by sintering or by melting grains of said powder with the aid of an energy beam. "Energy beam" means an electromagnetic radiation (for example a laser beam) or a particle beam (for example an electron beam). The advantage of the selective melting of superimposed powder layers, more commonly known as sintering, lies mainly in the fact that the shape of these lining elements can be modeled by computer and that the lining elements can then be manufactured on the basis of this modeling by controlling the energy beam by the computer. When the selective fusion is performed by a laser beam, it is called laser sintering.
    The laser sintering technique consists of making the piece layer by layer, stacking the consolidated layers of powder and fused to one another by the laser beam in a stacking direction.
    The patent application FR-A1-3,002,167 (Michelin) describes a particular packing element obtained by this laser sintering technique. The packing member is constituted by a body defining a front surface for molding a portion of the running surface of the tire, and cords and slats protruding from the molding surface to form the sculptures. of the tread of the tire.
    Conventionally, the manufacture of such a packing element is carried out horizontally on a dedicated manufacturing platform so as to avoid having too high a height and thus reduce the manufacturing time. In order to support the packing member during its manufacture, support members are formed between a back surface of the body of this packing member and the production tray. After manufacture, the lining element is separated from the support elements.
    With such a type of horizontal manufacturing, it is necessary to provide machining operations of the rear surface of the lining element intended to come into contact with a portion of the baking mold of the tire, and this, in order to eliminate the traces of the support elements and to guarantee the desired geometric dimensions. Moreover, with this type of manufacture, the number of packing elements that can be manufactured on the same production platform is limited.
    It is thus clear that there is a need to propose a solution that makes it possible to limit or even eliminate the machining operations of the parts after manufacturing by laser sintering, and to increase the number of parts that can be manufactured on the same platter. manufacturing. The invention relates to a process for the additive manufacturing of at least one part on a production plate by sintering or melting of powder using at least one energy beam, the part comprising at least two opposite front and rear front faces. delimiting the thickness of said part, the method comprising the following steps: -a) manufacturing by selective deposition and melting of stacked layers of powder on the production platform of at least one intermediate assembly which comprises: - the piece produced so inclined relative to the production plate and forming an angle of between 20 ° and 70 ° with said plate, - a support interposed between the production plate and a lower base of the part, and - at least one local support element in support against the rear end face of the part, - the layers of fused powder of the part, the support and the said local support element being made integral with each other. each of the others during this manufacturing step, b) forming, during the selective melting phases of the manufacturing step, fracture initiators in connection areas of the support and of said support element with said part, -c) separation of the part with the support and said local support member after the manufacturing step by breaking said connection areas.
    The term "powder" means a powder or a mixture of powders. The powder may for example be metallic, plastic or mineral, for example ceramic.
    The realization of the piece in an inclined manner with respect to the production plate makes it possible to manufacture a larger number of parts on the same production plate compared to a horizontal type of manufacture. Thus, a plurality of intermediate assemblies can be manufactured simultaneously on the common manufacturing platform at least one row. In addition, less consumables (tray, powder) are used to make the parts. The manufacture of these parts is then more economical.
    In addition, with a tilting of the piece greater than or equal to 20 ° and less than or equal to 70 °, and preferably between 30 ° and 60 °, obtaining a piece that meets the required surface-state characteristics is facilitated. . With a tilting that is too small, for example less than 20 °, during the manufacture of the part, the layer of powder being melted relies too much on non-fused areas of the preceding powder layer, which generates roughness and therefore a greater roughness.
    In addition, thanks to this inclination, partial support, not total, is sufficient to ensure a good position in the workpiece during manufacture. With a limited number of local support elements, the risk of vibrations and deformations of the part, in particular by bending, during the melting steps of the successive layers and also during the passage of the layering device which ensures preparation of the powder bed on each of the previously fused layers of powder.
    The provision of a support connected on one side to the production platform and on the other side to the lower base of the part also contributes to the proper holding in position of the part during manufacture.
    Moreover, after manufacture, this intermediate support facilitates the separation of the part relative to the production platform. The separation of the part with the support but also with said local support element is further facilitated by the breaking primers created and which reduce locally the mechanical strength of said local support element and the support.
    These breaking primers also make it possible to limit the traces left on the part after breaking and thus to avoid providing subsequent machining operations. For example, when the part is a tire mold lining element, it can be directly mounted in the mold following the uncoupling step. The process of obtaining parts is thus facilitated because there are fewer pre- and post-manufacturing operations (programming, loading cycle, machine unloading, cutting, machining).
    The incipient fractures may for example comprise a local decrease in thickness of said connection zones and / or local cavities formed on said zones.
    In an advantageous embodiment, at least one groove is formed locally on the rear end face of the part of said intermediate assembly during the manufacturing step, the zone of connection of said local support element with said part being disposed at inside said throat. Thus, the possible traces left on the part by the separation of this support element are set back functional front end face of the piece.
    In a particular embodiment, a chamfered portion is formed between the lower base of the part of said intermediate assembly and its rear end face, the connection zone of the support with said part being connected to the chamfered portion. Thus, any traces left on the part by the separation of the support does not affect its subsequent assembly with other elements.
    In one embodiment, the connection zone of the support of said intermediate assembly with said workpiece and / or the connection zone of said support element with said workpiece has a density of less than 98%. This makes it possible to obtain connection zones in which the powder has been fused with degraded parameters, hence a local decrease in mechanical properties facilitating breakage and a reduction in manufacturing time. The fracture primers are obtained by a reduced density.
    As stated earlier, the support of the piece is partial, not total. As an indication, it is possible to provide at least two local support elements each bearing against one end of the rear end face of the part of each intermediate assembly.
    In one embodiment, said local support member of each intermediate set extends from the production tray. Alternatively or in combination, said local support element of each intermediate assembly is connected to the rear end face of the part of said assembly and to the front end face of the part of the intermediate assembly adjacent to the row, said faces being opposite one from the other. In another variant, said local support element of each intermediate assembly is connected to the rear end face of the part of said assembly and to the rear end face of the part of the intermediate assembly adjacent to the row, said faces being opposite. one from the other.
    The part of each intermediate assembly may be a tire mold lining element and may have a thickness of between 0.25 and 6 millimeters.
    In one embodiment, the part of each intermediate assembly comprises protuberances projecting from its front end face, said local support element of said assembly being arranged and shaped so as to avoid any contact with the protuberances. of the part of the intermediate assembly adjacent to the row.
    When the part is a tire mold lining element, these protuberances are intended to mold cutouts in the tread of the tire. "Cutouts" in the tread means the space delimited by material walls extending from the running surface facing each other and spaced from one another by a non-zero distance . The protuberances may for example be cords and / or strips intended respectively to form grooves and / or incisions in the tread of the tire. The invention also relates to an intermediate assembly obtained by implementing the method as defined above.
    The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of embodiments taken by way of non-limiting examples and illustrated by the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view partially illustrating a manufacturing process of packing elements according to a first example of implementation, - Figures 2 and 3 are detail views of Figure 1; - Figures 4A to 5B are schematic views partially illustrating steps of separation of a process of the manufacture of packing elements according to other exemplary embodiments, - Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view partially illustrating a method of manufacturing packing elements according to yet another example of implementation, and - Figure 7 is a detail view of Figure 6.
    In Fig. 1 there is shown an arrangement of identical packing elements for use in a tire baking or vulcanizing mold and formed on a production tray 12 shown in an assumed horizontal position.
    Each lining element 10 is associated with a support 14 interposed between said element and the plate 12 of manufacture, and local support elements 16, 18.
    As will be described in more detail below, the packing elements 10, the supports 14 and the supporting elements 16, 18 are produced by the selective deposition and melting of stacked layers of powder on a working surface 12a of the production plate. . The lining elements 10, the supports 14 and the support elements 16, 18 are respectively identical to each other.
    Each lining element 10 comprises a body 20 which is delimited by a front face 20a before and by an opposite front end face 20b. The body 20 also includes a lower base 20c and an upper end surface 20d connecting said faces. The end faces 20a, 20b delimit the thickness of the body 20. The front end face 20a forms a molding surface intended to mold all or part of the running surface of the tire. The front end face 20b is intended to be in contact with another part of the baking mold on which the lining element 10 is attached. The front face 20b forms an anchoring surface of the lining element 10 on the other part of the baking mold. In the case of a mold of the sector type, the lining element 10 is fixed on one of the sectors of the mold.
    In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, each lining member 10 also includes a plurality of protuberances 22 projecting from the end face 20a of the lower base 20c to the upper end surface 20d. The protuberances 22 are integral with the body 20. The protuberances 22 are cords for molding grooves in the tread of the tire. Each lining member 10 may also include other types of louvre protuberances for molding incisions in the tread of the tire.
    Each lining element 10 is manufactured in an inclined manner with respect to the plate 12 of manufacture. The front end face 20b forms an angle α (FIG. 2) with the production plate 12 between 20 ° and 70 °, and preferably between 30 ° and 60 °. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the width of the lining element 10 extends in a direction forming with the plate 12 the angle a. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a different orientation of each lining element 10 so that its length extends in a direction forming with the plate 12 an angle of between 20 ° and 70 °, and preferably between 30 ° and 60 °. However, with such an orientation, the height of the packing member 10 is increased.
    The support 14 is interposed between the associated packing element 10 and the plate 12 of manufacture. The support 14 is connected on one side to the work surface 12a of the production tray and on the other side to the lower base 20c of the packing element. The support 14 comprises a lower base 14a connected to the working surface of the production plate 12 and an upper end surface 14b connected to the lower base 20c of the packing element. There is no direct contact between the production plate 12 and the lower base 20c of each lining element. The lower base 20c of each lining element 10 rests entirely on the support 14. The support 14 extends along the lower base 20c of the associated lining element. The support 14 extends over the entire length of the lower base 20c of the associated lining element.
    Each support element 16, 18 associated with a lining element 10 extends from the working surface 12a of the production plate, and is connected to the rear end face 20b of said element. Each support member 16, 18 extends only to the rear end face 20b of the associated lining member 10 against which it bears. Each support element 16, 18 here has a height substantially equal to that of the associated trim element 10 so as to support said element over its entire height. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, a support member 16 is provided at each end of the front face 20b of the lining element (only one being visible in the figure), and two support elements 18 are arranged between the elements. support 16.
    FIG. 1 illustrates a step of the method of manufacturing the packing elements 10. This method comprises a plurality of successive steps of depositing powder layers and agglomeration by selective melting of the powder. The powder may for example be metallic, plastic or mineral, for example ceramic.
    The process begins with a step of depositing a first layer of powder on the working surface 12 of the production plate. After removal, the first layer extends substantially horizontally on the working surface 12a. Then, an energy source (not shown), for example of the laser type, emits an energy beam whose orientation is controlled by galvanometric mirrors (not shown). An optical lens (not shown) is used to focus the energy beam to heat the powder layer in a pattern corresponding to the section of the support 14 and support elements 16, 18 associated with the lining element 10 to be manufactured, and thus selectively achieving the melting of the powder.
    These steps are repeated again in each zone of the work surface 12a of the production tray to form by stacking of fused layers the lining element 10, the support 14 and the supporting elements 16, 18 associated.
    Thus, during the process, a plurality of intermediate elements is produced on the work plate 12, each comprising the packing element 10, the support 14 and the associated support elements 16, 18 which are made integral during the steps of FIG. selective melting of the powder layers. During manufacture, the lining element 10, the support 14 and the support elements 16, 18 are made in one piece.
    The support elements 16, 18 make it possible to maintain the position of the associated packing element 10 during manufacture. Thus, the risk of deformations, in particular by bending, is limited during the passage of the layering device and by diffusion of heat during the melting steps, which can cause the occurrence of stress concentration phenomena and microcracks. The support 14 also contributes to keeping the packing element 10 in position during manufacture.
    As illustrated more clearly in FIG. 2, perforations or cavities 24 are formed in the connection zone of the support 14 with the associated lining element. This connection zone of the support 14 is formed by the part of the support which is adjacent to the lower base 20c of the lining element. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the cavities 24 open on the upper end surface 14b of the support. Alternatively, it may be possible to provide non-emerging cavities 24.
    Cavities 26 are also formed in the connection area of each support member 16, 18 with the associated trim member. This connection zone of the support element is formed by the part of said element which is adjacent to the front end face 20b of the lining element. Cavities 26 are also open. Alternatively, it may be possible to provide cavities 24, 26 non-emergent.
    The cavities 24, 26 are formed during the selective melting phases of the powder layers. These cavities 24, 26 form rupture primers intended to facilitate the subsequent separation of the lining element 10 with the support 14 and the support elements 16, 18. In order to further facilitate this separation, the cavities 24, 26 are of preferably formed along the entire length of the associated connection area.
    After manufacture, the intermediate elements, each formed by a lining element 10 and the support 14 and the supporting elements 16, 18 associated, are arranged on the plate 12 in a row. The inclined embodiment of the lining elements 10 relative to the plate 12 of manufacture makes it possible to manufacture a large number. Furthermore, as illustrated more clearly in FIG. 3, each local support element 16, 18 of a packing element 10 is arranged and shaped so as to avoid any contact with the protuberances 22 of the packing element 10 immediately. adjacent to the row. This relative disposition of the packing elements 10 makes it possible to reduce the spacing provided between them and thus to further increase the number of elements that can be manufactured on the production plate 12.
    After manufacture, each intermediate element formed by the lining element 10 and the support 14 and the support elements 16, 18 associated is separated from the plate 12 of manufacture, for example by cutting by wire EDM. Each lining element 10 can then be detached from the support 14 and the support elements 16, 18 by breaking the connection areas of this support and of these support elements with said element. This break can be obtained by pulling, which can for example be manual, or again by a cutting operation by wire EDM. The support 14 and the support elements 16, 18 associated with each lining element 10 are used solely for the manufacture of said element. Alternatively, it may be possible to separate the lining element 10 from each intermediate element of the support 14 and associated support members 16, 18 still attached to the plate 12 of manufacture. After separation of the lining elements 10, the supports 14 and the support elements 16, 18 can be destroyed and the manufacturing platform 12 resurfaced by machining to be used again.
    As indicated above, the fracture primers formed during the selective melting phases of the powder layers in the connection zones of the support 14 and the support elements 16, 18 with the lining element 10 are intended to facilitate their separation. These breaking primers also make it possible to limit the traces left on the packing element 10 after this separation and thus to avoid providing subsequent machining operations on this element before it is mounted in the tire mold.
    So as to further limit these traces, it is possible in another embodiment example shown partially in FIGS. 4A and 4B, on which the identical elements bear the same references, to form locally on the front end surface 20b of each element of FIG. 10 a plurality of grooves 30 each dedicated to the connection of one of the support elements associated with said lining element. The connection zone of each support element is disposed inside the associated groove 30, which makes it possible to avoid having any traces on the front end surface 20b of the lining element 10. These possible traces left behind by separating the support element are set back from the front surface 20b and inside the groove 30. The connection area of the support element with the lining element here has a chamfered shape so locally reducing the thickness of said support member and its mechanical strength to facilitate subsequent breakage. In this example, grooves are provided only on the rear end surface of each packing member. Alternatively or in combination, it could also be possible to provide such a groove on the lower base of each lining element 10.
    In another variant embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B, in which the identical elements bear the same references, a chamfered portion is formed between the lower base 20c of the packing element and its rear end face 20b. This chamfered portion is connected to the support 14. The connection area of the support 14 with the lower base 20c of the lining element is connected to this chamfered portion of the lining element. In this example, this connection zone also has a chamfered shape.
    In the previously-described embodiments, each lining element 10 is supported locally by the local support elements 16, 18 which are connected to the production platform 12. In the exemplary implementation illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, on which identical elements bear the same references, each lining element 10 is associated with local support elements 32 each connected to the rear end face of said element and to the front end face 20a facing the next lining element 10. There is no direct contact between the support elements 32 and the production platform 12. This arrangement of the support elements 32 further reduces the space between two successive packing elements and thus increases the number of parts that can be manufactured on the production tray 12. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, a support element 32 is provided at each end of the front end face 20b of the associated lining element.
    Cavities 34 are formed in the connection area of the support member 32 with each associated trim member 10. For each support member 32, the cavities 34 are formed in a first connection zone formed by the portion of the support element adjacent to the rear end face 20b of a lining element, and in a second connection zone formed by the portion of said element adjacent to the front face 20a before the next packing member.
    In the exemplary embodiments illustrated, the lining elements formed on each production plate are identical to each other. As a variant, it is possible to provide different protuberances from one lining element to another depending on the type of incisions to be molded in the tread of the tire, or else of the differently designed lining elements with or without protuberances. and / or having different heights on the same production platform.
    In the exemplary embodiments illustrated, each lining element rests on a support which is made in a single part. Alternatively, it could be possible without departing from the scope of the invention to provide a support formed by a plurality of elements spaced apart from each other and each having an optimized shape so as to limit the amount of powder used. The invention has been described on the basis of laser sintering of a tire vulcanizing mold lining element. The invention can also be applied to another mold lining element intended to be attached to a support block of the mold, or more generally to other types of small parts used in different applications.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A method of additive manufacturing of at least one part on a production plate by sintering or melting of powder using at least one energy beam, the part comprising at least two opposite front and rear front faces delimiting the thickness of said part, the method comprising the following steps: -a) manufacture by selective deposition and melting of stacked layers of powder on the production platform of at least one intermediate assembly which comprises: the piece made in an inclined manner with respect to at the manufacturing platform and forming an angle between 20 ° and 70 ° with said plate, - a support interposed between the production plate and a lower base of the part, and - at least one local support element bearing against the face front end of the piece, - the layers of fused powder of the part, the support and said local support element being made integral with each other lor s of this manufacturing step, -b) formation, during the selective melting phases of the manufacturing step, of rupture primers in connection areas of the support and of said support element with said part, -c) separation of the piece with the support and said local support member after the manufacturing step by breaking said connection areas.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, wherein at least one groove is formed locally on the rear end face of the workpiece of said intermediate assembly and / or on the lower base of said workpiece during the manufacturing step, the connection zone. said local support member with said piece being disposed within said groove.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the breaking primers comprise a local decrease in thickness of said connection areas and / or local cavities formed on said zones.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a chamfered portion is formed between the lower base of the part of said intermediate assembly and its rear end face, the connection zone of the support with said part being connected to the chamfered portion. .
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection area of the support of said intermediate assembly with said workpiece and / or the connection zone of said support element with said workpiece has a density of less than 98%.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said intermediate assembly comprises at least two local support elements each bearing against one end of the rear end face of the workpiece.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of intermediate assemblies are manufactured simultaneously on the common production platform at least one row.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    The method of claim 7, wherein said local support member of each intermediate assembly extends from the production tray.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein said local support member of each intermediate assembly is connected to the rear end face of the workpiece of said assembly and to the front end face of the workpiece of the adjacent intermediate assembly of the row, said faces being opposite one another.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    A method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the part of each intermediate assembly comprises protuberances projecting from its front end face, said local support member of said assembly being arranged and shaped as so as to avoid contact with the protuberances of the part of the adjacent intermediate assembly of the row.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the part of said intermediate assembly is a tire mold lining member having a thickness of between 0.25 and 6 millimeters.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Intermediate assembly obtained by implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN108349003A|2018-07-31|
    US11077610B2|2021-08-03|
    EP3370901B1|2020-06-24|
    CN108349003B|2020-11-03|
    WO2017076983A1|2017-05-11|
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    FR3043347B1|2021-06-25|
    US20180319077A1|2018-11-08|
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1560655A|FR3043347B1|2015-11-06|2015-11-06|ADDITIVE POWDER-BASED MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A PIECE, IN PARTICULAR A PACKING ELEMENT FOR A TIRE MOLD|FR1560655A| FR3043347B1|2015-11-06|2015-11-06|ADDITIVE POWDER-BASED MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF A PIECE, IN PARTICULAR A PACKING ELEMENT FOR A TIRE MOLD|
    CN201680063244.1A| CN108349003B|2015-11-06|2016-11-03|Method for producing a component, in particular an inner lining element of a tire mold, using powder addition|
    EP16790617.1A| EP3370901B1|2015-11-06|2016-11-03|Method for additive manufacturing of a part, in particular a lining element for a tyremould, using powder|
    US15/773,465| US11077610B2|2015-11-06|2016-11-03|Method for powder-based additive manufacturing of a part, in particular a lining element for a tire mould|
    PCT/EP2016/076582| WO2017076983A1|2015-11-06|2016-11-03|Method for additive manufacturing of a part, in particular a lining element for a tyre mould, using powder|
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